Reported Speech adalah Kalimat Laporan (Kalimat tak langsung)
Indirect Speech
Ketika kita menggunakan reported speech, tenses biasanya berubah karena saat kita melaporkan sesuatu, kejadian yang sebenarnya sudah terjadi di masa yang lalu.
Contoh:
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
“I’m going to the cinema”, he said. |
He said he was going to the cinema. |
Perubahan Tenses
Perhatikan perubahan tenses berikut ini:
Direct speech |
|
Indirect speech |
Present simple She said, “It’s cold.” |
› |
Past simple |
Present continuous |
› |
Past continuous |
Present perfect simple |
› |
Past perfect simple |
Present perfect continuous |
› |
Past perfect continuous |
Past simple |
› |
Past perfect |
Past continuous |
› |
Past perfect continuous |
Past perfect |
› |
Past perfect |
Past perfect continuous |
› |
Past perfect continuous |
Bentuk Modals biasanya:
Direct speech |
|
Indirect speech |
will |
› |
would |
can She said, “I can teach English online.” |
› |
could |
must |
› |
had to |
shall |
› |
should |
may |
› |
might |
Catatan: tidak ada perubahan untuk could, would, should, might dan ought to.
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
“I’m might go to the cinema”, he said. |
He said he might go to the cinema. |
Kita bisa juga menggunakan present tense dalam reported speech jika kita ingin melaporkan bahwa yang kita laporkan itu adalah kenyataan, misalnya nama orang, dll.
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
“My name is Lynne”, she said. |
She said her name was Lynne.
atau She said her name is Lynne. |
Atau kita bisa juga menggunakan present tense untuk melaporkan kegiatan di masa yang akan datang.
Direct speech (exact quote) |
Indirect speech (not exact) |
“Next week’s lesson is on reported speech “, she said. |
She said next week’s lesson is on reported speech. |
Perubahan Waktu
Perhatikan perubahan waktu berikut:
Hari ini |
+ 24 jam – Indirect speech |
“Today’s lesson is on presentations.” |
She said yesterday’s lesson was on presentations. |
Perubahan waktu jika dilaporkan ddi hari yang berbeda |
||
this (evening) |
› |
that (evening) |
today |
› |
yesterday … |
these (days) |
› |
those (days) |
now |
› |
then |
(a week) ago |
› |
(a week) before |
last weekend |
› |
the weekend before last / the previous weekend |
here |
› |
there |
next (week) |
› |
the following (week) |
tomorrow |
› |
the next/following day |
Dalam Reported Speech, keterangan tempat juga mengalami perubahan.
Contoh:-
At work |
At home |
“How long have you worked here?” |
She asked me how long I’d worked there. |
Perubahan Pronoun
Dalam reported speech, pronoun sering berubah.
Contoh:
Me |
You |
“I teach English online.” |
She said she teaches English online. |
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